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Effect of Naringin on Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a crucial symptom of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Plant flavonoids are capable of lowering increased plasma lipid concentrations . Naringin supplementation lowered plasma lipids in experimental models of hyperlipidemia and obesity . Naringin supplementation also lowered elevated plasma lipid concentrations in high-fat-diet–fed rats and decreased plasma lipids and cholesterol in high-cholesterol-diet–fed rats . The cholesterol-lowering effect of naringin was observed in LDL receptor (LDLR) knockout mice . Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was significantly reduced in the naringin-supplemented (0.02 g/100 g) group, whereas cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) activity was unaffected in Ldlr knockout mice . A lipid-lowering effect of naringenin was also seen in male Long-Evans hooded rats. PPARα expression in the liver and the expression of CPT-1 and UCP-2, both of which are known to be regulated by PPARα, were markedly enhanced by naringenin supplementation (0.003%, 0.006%, and 0.012% of the diet for 6 wk) .

A beneficial effect of naringin was observed in LDLR-null mice fed a high-fat diet . Mice lacking the LDLR, when fed a Western-style diet, displayed many features of insulin resistance, including VLDL overproduction, dyslipidemia, and obesity . In that study, naringenin (1% or 3% wt:wt of diet) prevented hyperinsulinemia, leading to a reduction in hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1c and hepatic lipogenesis in the fasted state . The reduction in hepatic TG availability due to naringenin supplementation also contributed to VLDL-TG production and VLDL-apoB secretion and attenuated dyslipidemia . A recent investigation also showed that naringin supplementation in high-fat/high-carbohydrate-diet–fed obese rats ameliorated the increase in plasma cholesterol, TGs, and circulating FFAs . In a clinical trial, naringin supplementation (400 mg · capsule−1 · d−1) reduced plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, whereas plasma TG and HDL-cholesterol concentrations remained unaffected in hypercholesterolemic patients.

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