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【Rhoifolin】 Main Citrus Flavonoids with Antidiabetic Effects

【Rhoifolin】 Main Citrus Flavonoids with Antidiabetic Effects

Rhoifolin, with the molecular formula C27H30O14, is one of the most common flavonoids and is used extensively in preclinical investigations to explore its pharmacological effects in a wide range of chronic diseases including diabetes and obesity. It is found in several citrus fruits such as bitter oranges, grapefruits, lemons, and unripe grapes. Previous studies found that rhoifolin influenced several biological activities, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anticancer potential.

Rhoifolin was also isolated from Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck leaves, and its insulin-mimetic action was reported by Rao et al. in an in vitro study using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells. It was found to act via promoting adiponectin secretion, the phosphorylation of IR-β, and GLUT4 translocation, which are considered to be critically involved in diabetic complications. The action of rhoifolin against these genes may provide novel targets for combating insulin-resistance-associated diseases.